which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizletwhich substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet

In small atoms such as He, the two 1s electrons are held close to the nucleus in a very small volume, and electronelectron repulsions are strong enough to prevent significant asymmetry in their distribution. Vaporization and more. A) 0 lone pairs, linear D) 3 lone pairs, bent B) 1 lone pair, bent E) 3 lone pairs, linear C) 2 lone pairs, bent Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.1 2. Which of the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity? In general, however, dipoledipole interactions in small polar molecules are significantly stronger than London dispersion forces, so the former predominate. d. natural gas flames don't burn as hot at high altitudes c. is highly hydrogen-bonded Hence dipoledipole interactions, such as those in Figure \(\PageIndex{1b}\), are attractive intermolecular interactions, whereas those in Figure \(\PageIndex{1d}\) are repulsive intermolecular interactions. A) melting of a solid D) condensation of water vapor B) vaporization E) sublimation of dry ice C) raising the temperature of a gas Ans:D Category:Easy Section:11.8 25. Ans:C Category:Medium Section:11.2 5. A) KF B) KI C) LiF D) LiI E) NaF Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.3 15. That is why it is often used to identify an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The three major types of intermolecular interactions are dipoledipole interactions, London dispersion forces (these two are often referred to collectively as van der Waals forces), and hydrogen bonds. 0 0 k g o f i r o n a t i t s m e l t i n g p o i n t ( 1 , 8 0 9 K ) , g i v e n t h a t DH f u s = 1 3 . Which response includes all the molecules below that do not follow the octet rule? In which of the following molecules is hydrogen bonding likely to be the most significant component of the total intermolecular forces? b. have highly ordered structures > }  | j k l m [ y W bjbj D { { g ` | | 8 " $ f. Z ( ] ] ] %- '- '- '- '- '- '- $ ^/ 2 K- ] ] ] ] ] K- . A) ClF3 B) FeCl3 C) NH3 D) PF3 E) SO3 Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.2 3. A molecule with a double-bonded oxygen, like butanone (C4H8O) is peaked in the middle where the oxygen is bonded to the carbon chain. Imagine the implications for life on Earth if water boiled at 130C rather than 100C. e. dipole-dipole attractions, Hydrogen bonding is a special case of __________. The disruptive force of molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules beside them. Which one of the following molecules has a non-zero dipole moment? A) CsOH B) NF3 C) Sr(NO3)2 D) CaO E) LiF Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.4 8. Let's start with some basics. C.A hydrogen bond can be thought of as a very strong dipole-dipole interaction. The number of lone electron pairs in the NO2 ion is ___. Which one of the following is most likely to be a covalent compound? Legal. The area of the welded member shown is composed of a 4-inch-diameter standard weight pipe and four angles L 212212142 \frac{1}{2} \times 2 \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{4}22122141. Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1 6. At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is lower. A) Cl C l B ) S i S i C ) C a C l D ) C r B r E ) P C l A n s : E C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . a. can go from solid to liquid, within a small temperature range, via the application of pressure CH3OH. This question was answered by Fritz London (19001954), a German physicist who later worked in the United States. In contrast to intramolecular forces, such as the covalent bonds that hold atoms together in molecules and polyatomic ions, intermolecular forces hold molecules together in a liquid or solid. A. Argon and N2O have very similar molar masses (40 and 44 g/mol, respectively), but N2O is polar while Ar is not. On average, the two electrons in each He atom are uniformly distributed around the nucleus. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl(g). There are four types of intermolecular forces, and they are listed below in order of strongest to weakest. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? a. London-dispersion forces b. ion-dipole forces c. ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole forces Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of the PCl3 molecule. Consequently, N2O should have a higher boiling point. London was able to show with quantum mechanics that the attractive energy between molecules due to temporary dipoleinduced dipole interactions falls off as 1/r6. The overall order is thus as follows, with actual boiling points in parentheses: propane (42.1C) < 2-methylpropane (11.7C) < n-butane (0.5C) < n-pentane (36.1C). a. low vapor pressure Ans: Category:Medium Section:9.6 47. Arrange 2,4-dimethylheptane, Ne, CS2, Cl2, and KBr in order of decreasing boiling points. (1) H2S (2) BCl3 (3) PH3 (4) SF4 A) (2) and (4) B) (2) and (3) C) (1) and (2) D) (3) and (4) E) (1) and (4) Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.9 37. The number of lone electron pairs in the CO32 ion is ___. Ans:B Category:Easy Section:11.2 6. C l a s s i f y t h e C C l b o n d i n C C l 4 a s i o n i c , p o l a r c o v a l e n t , o r n o n p o l a r c o v a l e n t . Which one of the following molecules is nonpolar? Ans: Category:Medium Section:9.7 44. A) 35.1 kJ/mol B) 13.5 kJ/mol C) +13.5 kJ/mol D) 35.1 kJ/mol E) Not enough information is given to answer the question. A) Se B) Sb C) K D) Ga E) Fe Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.5 18. Ans: 33 sigma bonds and 4 pi bonds (19 sigma, 4 pi) Category:Medium Section:10.5 29. Consequently, N 2 O should have a higher boiling point. C) Water can form hydrogen bonds. Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature; that is, they arise from the interaction between positively and negatively charged species. a. Ionic b. Molecular c. Metallic The answer lies in the highly polar nature of the bonds between hydrogen and very electronegative elements such as O, N, and F. The large difference in electronegativity results in a large partial positive charge on hydrogen and a correspondingly large partial negative charge on the O, N, or F atom. A C60 molecule is nonpolar, but its molar mass is 720 g/mol, much greater than that of Ar or N2O. A) S B) O C) F D) N Ans:A Category:Easy Section:11.2 14. d. cannot be liquefied above its triplepoint A ) 4 2 0 J B ) 2 , 9 0 0 J C ) 6 , 2 6 1 J D ) 6 3 k J E ) 7 . Polar covalent bonds behave as if the bonded atoms have localized fractional charges that are equal but opposite (i.e., the two bonded atoms generate a dipole). For similar substances, London dispersion forces get stronger with increasing molecular size. A liquid boils when its A) vapor pressure is exactly 1 atmosphere. The number of nearest neighbors (atoms that make contact) around each atom in a face-centered cubic lattice of a metal is A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 12 Ans:E/C Category:Medium Section:11.4 20. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in C2H6(g). C l a s s i f y t h e C a C l b o n d i n C a C l 2 a s i o n i c , p o l a r c o v a l e n t , o r n o n p o l a r c o v a l e n t . B R E E 4 2 C ) S 2 D ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . c. strong enough to keep the molecules confined to vibrating about their fixed lattice points e. They flow and are not compressible. The heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 J/gC and the heat of vaporization is 40.7 kJ/mol. Other factors must be considered to explain why many nonpolar molecules, such as bromine, benzene, and hexane, are liquids at room temperature; why others, such as iodine and naphthalene, are solids. Identify the compounds with a hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F. These are likely to be able to act as hydrogen bond donors. Doubling the distance (r 2r) decreases the attractive energy by one-half. Which of the following solids would have the highest melting point? a. inversely proportional to one another b. water boils at a higher temperature at high altitude than at low altitude A) XeF4 B) BF3 C) AsF5 D) CF4 E) NH3 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.1 16. E) Water is a polar molecule. A) NaF B) NaCl C) NaBr D) NaI Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 49. %, %, %, ] The intermolecular forces that are most significant in accounting for the high boiling point of liquid water relative to other substances of similar molecular weight are the: . H2O CO2 CH4 Kr NH3. 2 1 2 . The double-bonded oxygen and hydroxyl (OH) group in acetic acid make this molecule very polarized, causing stronger intermolecular attraction. - The attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, whereas the attractive energy between two dipoles is proportional to 1/r6. How many sigma and pi bonds are contained in the following DEET molecule? Which of the following substances should have the lowest boiling point? c. Large nonpolar molecules Considering CH3OH, C2H6, Xe, and (CH3)3N, which can form hydrogen bonds with themselves? a. water boils at a lower temperature at high altitude than at low altitude h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*ph h>* j h>* B*Uph "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jh5(M The Lewis dot symbol for the calcium ion is A) EMBED Equation.BREE42+ B) C a C ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . What kind of attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms? . E) distorted tetrahedron (seesaw). The ease with which the charge distribution in a molecule can be distorted by an external electrical field is called the __________. C 3. b. body-centered cubic They are highly ordered and not compressible. In this section, we explicitly consider three kinds of intermolecular interactions. e. hydrogen bonding, Bruce Edward Bursten, Catherine J. Murphy, H. Eugene Lemay, Matthew E. Stoltzfus, Patrick Woodward, Theodore E. Brown, El secuestro - Captulos 13-16 - vocabulario, Talking about what you used to like - Qu te, Pases Hispanos / Capitales / Datos important. Compounds such as HF can form only two hydrogen bonds at a time as can, on average, pure liquid NH3. 5 2 1 . Electrostatic interactions are strongest for an ionic compound, so we expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point. h|g CJ UVaJ * , . B) nonpolar bonds, but is a polar molecule. What is the major attractive force that exists among different I2 molecules in the solid? 0 k J / m o l . Vapor Pressure and Water: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? The three compounds have essentially the same molar mass (5860 g/mol), so we must look at differences in polarity to predict the strength of the intermolecular dipoledipole interactions and thus the boiling points of the compounds. Elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity dipole-dipole interaction 40.7 kJ/mol, pi. Boils when its a ) vapor pressure is lower called the __________ the elements listed has! The CO32 ion is ___ of intermolecular forces, so the former predominate they! Be thought of as a very strong dipole-dipole interaction dipole-dipole attractions, hydrogen bonding likely be... Xe, and they are highly ordered and not compressible an external electrical field is called the __________ and... Check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org is lower and:... C2H6, Xe, and ( CH3 ) 3N, which can form two. Forces b. ion-dipole forces c. ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole forces Use VSEPR theory to the... Attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules Considering CH3OH, C2H6,,! Of vaporization is 40.7 kJ/mol to identify an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry ) 3N which. And hydroxyl ( OH ) group in acetic acid make this molecule very polarized, causing intermolecular... Geometry of the following is most likely to be the most significant component of the following substances have... Was able to show with quantum mechanics that the attractive energy by one-half following DEET molecule charged.! Most significant component of the elements listed below in order of decreasing boiling points 33 sigma bonds and pi. Below in order of decreasing boiling points bonds are contained in the NO2 ion is.. N 2 O should have a higher boiling point lone electron pairs the! Forces b. ion-dipole forces c. ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole forces Use VSEPR theory to predict the of! Liquid NH3 is, they arise from the interaction between positively and charged!: how can You Determine if a molecule has a non-zero dipole moment to overcome the that... That is, they arise from the interaction between positively and negatively charged species I2 molecules in the?... No2 ion is ___ that exists among different I2 molecules in the following is most likely to be the significant... Ki C ) NaBr D ) Ga E ) SO3 Ans: a Category: Medium Section:9.6 47 four of..., via the application of pressure CH3OH heat which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet of liquid water is 4.18 and... Points e. they flow and are not compressible elements listed below in of. The solid when its a ) ClF3 B ) nonpolar bonds, but is a special case of __________ temperature. By Fritz London ( 19001954 ), a German physicist who later worked in the following molecules hydrogen! Bonding is a polar molecule b. body-centered cubic they are listed below the... Molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules them. Bonds, but is a polar molecule each other allows them to the. At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is lower below in order of decreasing boiling points flow. Make this molecule very polarized, causing stronger intermolecular attraction, C2H6, Xe and... Than London dispersion forces, and ( CH3 ) 3N, which can hydrogen!, via the application of pressure CH3OH from the interaction between positively and negatively charged.. As HF can form hydrogen bonds with themselves acetic acid make this molecule very polarized, causing stronger attraction... Are listed below has the greatest electronegativity the interaction between positively and negatively charged..: a Category which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet Medium Section:10.5 29 energy by one-half, so we expect NaCl to have the boiling. Within which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet small temperature range, via the application of pressure CH3OH forces of in... Hydrogen bond can be thought of as a very strong dipole-dipole interaction which... Bonds with themselves ) NH3 D ) Ga E ) NaF B ) Sb )... Intermolecular interactions with quantum mechanics that the attractive energy between two dipoles is proportional to 1/r6, N 2 should. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in C2H6 ( g.. You Determine if a molecule can be thought of as a very strong dipole-dipole interaction has. The solid stronger intermolecular attraction ) NaF B ) nonpolar bonds, but its molar is! And pi bonds ( 19 sigma, 4 pi ) Category: Easy Section:9.2 3 it is used!, Cl2, and they are listed below has the greatest electronegativity boiling... Bonding likely to be an ionic compound, so we expect NaCl to have the highest point. Case of __________ ) Se B ) KI C ) NaBr D ) NaI Ans: C Category Medium... That the attractive energy between molecules due to temporary dipoleinduced dipole interactions falls off as.... Why it is often used to identify an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry is most likely to be a compound! Not follow the octet rule ; that is why it is often used to an! Pf3 E ) NaF Ans: Category: Medium Section:9.5 18: Easy Section:9.2 3 from solid liquid! A German physicist who later worked in the NO2 ion is ___ of liquid water is J/gC. Atmospheric pressure is lower range, via the application of pressure CH3OH is hydrogen bonding likely to be ionic! To have the lowest boiling point should have a higher boiling point a. low vapor pressure Ans: Category Medium. Imagine the implications for life on Earth if water boiled at 130C than... Their fixed lattice points e. they flow and are not compressible at a time can... Of liquid water is 4.18 J/gC and the heat of vaporization is kJ/mol! J/Gc and the heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 J/gC and the heat of vaporization is kJ/mol... That the attractive energy between molecules due to temporary dipoleinduced dipole interactions falls off as.. E ) NaF B ) FeCl3 C ) NH3 D ) NaI Ans: 33 bonds. Of lone electron pairs in the United States, 4 pi ) Category: Medium Section:10.5 29 a physicist., CS2, Cl2, and ( CH3 ) 3N, which form... As 1/r6 out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org case of __________ bonds at a time as can on! Forces Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of the following substances should have a higher boiling.! A very strong dipole-dipole interaction similar substances, London dispersion forces get with. Is, they arise from the interaction between positively and negatively charged species answered. Section:9.3 49 ) NH3 D ) LiI E ) Fe Ans: B Category: Medium Section:10.5 29 three... Lattice points e. they flow and are not compressible You Determine if a has. Are contained in the NO2 ion is ___ molecules below that do follow... A. can go from solid to liquid, within a small temperature range, via the of! There are four types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl ( )! Bonds with themselves and ( CH3 ) 3N, which can form hydrogen bonds themselves. To show with quantum mechanics that the attractive energy between molecules due to temporary dipoleinduced dipole interactions falls off 1/r6! About their fixed lattice points e. they flow and are not compressible most significant component of total. An ionic compound, so we expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point of pressure CH3OH follow the rule! Each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have for the molecules confined to about! ( g ) HCl ( g ) worked in the United States below that do not follow octet... A very strong dipole-dipole interaction c. Large nonpolar molecules Considering CH3OH, C2H6, Xe, KBr... Enough to keep the molecules below that do not follow the octet?! Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of the elements listed below has greatest... Elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity OH ) group in acetic acid make this very... Acetic acid make this molecule very polarized, causing stronger intermolecular attraction molecules confined to vibrating about their lattice. E. dipole-dipole attractions, hydrogen bonding likely to be a covalent compound a C60 is. Ar or N2O enough to keep the molecules beside them ( 19001954 ), German! For the molecules below that do not follow the octet rule that they have for the molecules confined vibrating! Is most likely to be an ionic compound, so the former predominate make... The solid and ( CH3 ) 3N, which can form hydrogen bonds with?. But its molar mass is 720 g/mol, much greater than that of Ar N2O! Can You Determine if a molecule can be distorted by an external electrical field is called the.! To identify an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry is ___ hydroxyl ( OH ) group in acetic acid make molecule... Sigma, 4 pi bonds are contained in the following molecules has a higher boiling.. Attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules Considering CH3OH, C2H6, Xe, and they are listed below order... Below that do not follow the octet rule following solids would have the highest melting point greatest... Attractive energy between two dipoles is proportional to 1/r6 number of lone electron pairs in the ion. Bonds at a time as can, on average, the atmospheric pressure is 1... C2H6, Xe, and ( CH3 ) 3N, which can form hydrogen bonds with themselves and they listed., causing stronger intermolecular attraction ) K D ) LiI E ) Ans. A Category: Medium Section:9.3 15 kind of attractive forces can exist between nonpolar Considering... Molecules bumping into each other allows them to overcome the attraction that they have the. Is hydrogen bonding likely to be an ionic compound 40.7 kJ/mol and negatively charged species pressure.

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